郊下

白居易〔唐朝〕

西日照高树,树头子规鸣。

东风吹野水,水畔江蓠生。

尽日看山立,有时寻涧行。

兀兀长如此,何许似专城。

写风写山写水

古诗译文

夕阳映照着高大的树木，树梢上子规鸟在啼鸣。
东风吹拂着野外的流水，水边生长着茂盛的江蓠。
整日伫立着眺望山色，偶尔沿着溪涧漫步徐行。
如此闲适的生活长久持续，哪里像那喧嚣的繁华都城。

知识点

1. 子规意象：在唐诗中常与“不如归去”的思乡之情关联，李白《蜀道难》中“又闻子规啼夜月”亦用此典。 2. 对仗手法：颔联“东风吹野水”对“西日照高树”，严格遵循平仄与词性对应。 3. 白居易诗风：主张“文章合为时而著”，此诗体现其后期“闲适诗”的典型特点。 4. 江蓠的文化内涵：楚辞中多次出现，象征高洁品格，如《离骚》“扈江蓠与辟芷兮”。 </plaintext> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">古诗注解</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="2"> <ul> <li><strong>子规</strong>：杜鹃鸟，啼声哀切，常象征思乡或时光流逝。</li> <li><strong>江蓠</strong>：一种水边生长的香草，又名“蘼芜”，多见于南方。</li> <li><strong>兀兀</strong>：形容安然自得、无所事事的状态。</li> <li><strong>专城</strong>：指繁华的城池，暗指官场生活的喧嚣。</li> </ul> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">讲解</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="3"> <p>诗人以白描手法展开画面：夕阳、高树、鸟鸣构成听觉与视觉的交织，东风、野水、香草则暗含嗅觉体验。第三联“看山”“寻涧”的动作描写，将人景交融推向高潮。末句的反问实为肯定——这种远离政治中心的隐居生活，正是诗人历经沧桑后的主动选择。全诗在平淡中见深意，反映中唐士人“中隐”思想的生活实践。</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">古诗赏析</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="4"> <p>全诗以对仗工整的四联结构，勾勒出一幅动静相宜的郊野画卷。首联“西日”“东风”时空对举，通过“子规鸣”“江蓠生”的细节展现自然生机。颈联“尽日”“有时”表现诗人随性自在的生活状态。尾联“兀兀”与“专城”的对比，凸显诗人超脱世俗的价值取向。语言平实却意境深远，体现了白居易“浅切平易”的诗风。</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">创作背景</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="5"> <p>此诗作于白居易晚年退居洛阳期间。诗人历经宦海沉浮后，选择远离朝堂纷争，在郊野中寻求心灵宁静。诗中通过对自然景物的细腻描绘，表达了对闲适田园生活的满足，同时隐晦对比了官场生活的束缚。</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="author-info-block"> <div class="author-info-title">作者信息</div> <div class="author-info-flex"> <div class="author-avatar"> <img id="ContentPlaceHolder1_imgAuthorAvatar" class="author-avatar-img" LoadingMethod="Async" loading="lazy" decoding="async" fetchpriority="low" src="https://www.881023.com/upload/writer/baijuyi.jpg" alt="白居易" style="background-color: #f9f6ec;" /> </div> <div class="author-info-content"> 白居易（772～846），字乐天，晚年又号称香山居士，河南郑州新郑人，是我国唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，他的诗歌题材广泛，形式多样，语言平易通俗，有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称。官至翰林学士、左赞善大夫。有《白氏长庆集》传世，代表诗作有《长恨歌》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》等。白居易祖籍山西、陕西、出生于河南郑州新郑，葬于洛阳。白居易故居纪念馆坐落于洛阳市郊。白园（白居易墓）坐落在洛阳城南香山的琵琶峰。 <div 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