龙花寺主家小尼

白居易〔唐朝〕

头青眉眼细,十四女沙弥。

夜静双林怕,春深一食饥。

步慵行道困,起晚诵经迟。

应似仙人子,花宫未嫁时。

写花写人

古诗译文

她头发乌黑，眉眼纤细，是一位十四岁的小尼姑。
夜深人静时害怕寺中双林的寂静，春日渐长却因斋戒常感饥饿。
步履慵懒因修行疲惫，起床晚了诵经也迟了。
她应像未出嫁的仙子，在这花宫般的寺院里清修。

知识点

1. 沙弥：佛教中7-20岁的男性出家者，女性称沙弥尼 2. 过午不食：佛教戒律，午后至次日黎明不进食 3. 唐代寺院经济：中唐时期寺院拥有土地、奴婢，形成特殊社会阶层 4. 白居易宗教观：既亲近佛教又保持理性批判，反映在《策林》等作品中 5. 双林意象：源自《涅槃经》，后世诗词常借指寺院或涅槃境界 </plaintext> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">古诗注解</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="2"> <ul> <li><strong>龙花寺</strong>：唐代长安寺院名，白居易曾多次游历并题诗。</li> <li><strong>小尼</strong>：年幼的尼姑，诗中指寺院中年轻的修行者。</li> <li><strong>双林</strong>：佛教典故，指释迦牟尼涅槃处的娑罗双树，此处代指寺院幽静环境。</li> <li><strong>一食饥</strong>：佛教过午不食的戒律，导致春日漫长易饥。</li> <li><strong>花宫</strong>：佛寺的美称，比喻寺院如仙宫般清净。</li> </ul> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">讲解</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="3"> <p>本诗艺术特色有三：一是"青""细""怕""饥"等字形成色彩、心理、生理的多维描写；二是通过"夜静/春深""步慵/起晚"的时间推移展现日常修行；三是尾联"仙人子"的比喻既保留对小尼的尊重，又暗含对其被迫早慧的怜惜。从社会视角看，诗中十四岁少女的修行生活，折射出唐代百姓为逃避赋税而送子女出家的社会现象，具有深刻的历史认识价值。</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">古诗赏析</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="4"> <p>全诗以白描手法刻画人物：首联突出小尼姑稚嫩的外貌特征；颔联用"双林怕""一食饥"揭示修行生活的孤寂与清苦；颈联"慵""迟"二字生动表现其疲惫状态；尾联笔锋一转，以"仙人子"的比喻将宗教禁欲与青春天性形成张力。白居易通过细腻观察，在20字中完成了从外貌到心理的立体塑造，展现中唐时期宗教与人性交织的复杂图景。</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">创作背景</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="5"> <p>此诗作于白居易任左拾遗期间（808-810年），诗人常游长安寺院，观察僧侣生活。诗中通过描绘小尼姑的清苦与纯真，反映唐代佛教世俗化背景下年轻修行者的矛盾心理，隐含对宗教束缚人性的微妙批判。</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="author-info-block"> <div class="author-info-title">作者信息</div> <div class="author-info-flex"> <div class="author-avatar"> <img id="ContentPlaceHolder1_imgAuthorAvatar" class="author-avatar-img" LoadingMethod="Async" loading="lazy" decoding="async" fetchpriority="low" src="https://www.881023.com/upload/writer/baijuyi.jpg" alt="白居易" style="background-color: #f9f6ec;" /> </div> <div class="author-info-content"> 白居易（772～846），字乐天，晚年又号称香山居士，河南郑州新郑人，是我国唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，他的诗歌题材广泛，形式多样，语言平易通俗，有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称。官至翰林学士、左赞善大夫。有《白氏长庆集》传世，代表诗作有《长恨歌》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》等。白居易祖籍山西、陕西、出生于河南郑州新郑，葬于洛阳。白居易故居纪念馆坐落于洛阳市郊。白园（白居易墓）坐落在洛阳城南香山的琵琶峰。 <div class="author-stats"> <span>古诗数量：<b><a href='https://www.881023.com/gushi/0_1003_0_1.html' alt='白居易的古诗词集合'>3471</a></b></span><span>名句数量：<b><a href='https://www.881023.com/mingju/0_1003_0_1.html' alt='白居易的名句集合'>12158</a></b></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="content-sidebar">  <div class="hot-poetry author-other-poems"> <h3>作者其他古诗</h3> <div class="hot-list"> <div class="hot-item hot-content"> <div class="hot-rank-circle">1</div> <div class="hot-title"> <a href="https://www.881023.com/gushi/0/349.html" title="琵琶行并序">琵琶行并序</a> </div> <div class="hot-meta"> <span class="hot-views">1.8万阅读</span> </div> </div> <div class="hot-item hot-content"> <div class="hot-rank-circle">2</div> <div class="hot-title"> <a href="https://www.881023.com/gushi/8/8534.html" 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