空闺怨

白居易〔唐朝〕

寒月沉沉洞房静,真珠帘外梧桐影。

秋霜欲下手先知,灯底裁缝剪刀冷。

古诗译文

寒冷的月光沉沉地洒在寂静的洞房，珍珠帘外梧桐树的影子摇曳不定。
秋霜还未降下，手已先感到寒意，灯下裁缝手中的剪刀冰冷刺骨。

知识点

1. 闺怨诗：唐代重要诗歌题材，多写女子独守空闺的哀怨 2. 意象运用：月光、梧桐、秋霜均为传统孤独意象 3. 白诗特点：语言平易近人，细节描写深刻 4. 社会背景：反映安史之乱后唐代家庭结构的变迁 5. 修辞手法：通感（"手先知"）、借代（"剪刀"代指劳作） </plaintext> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">古诗注解</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="2"> <ul> <li><strong>寒月</strong>：寒冷的月光，暗示环境的凄清。</li> <li><strong>洞房</strong>：此处指幽深的闺房，非新婚之房。</li> <li><strong>真珠帘</strong>：用珍珠装饰的帘子，象征富贵却孤寂。</li> <li><strong>秋霜欲下</strong>：秋天寒气将至，隐喻时光流逝与孤独加深。</li> <li><strong>灯底裁缝</strong>：女子灯下做针线，表现其寂寞与辛劳。</li> </ul> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">讲解</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="3"> <p>此诗教学可重点把握：<br> 1. 意象分析：引导学生绘制"月光-帘-梧桐-霜-剪刀"的意象图谱<br> 2. 情感递进：从环境寒冷→身体感知→心理凄凉的层次解读<br> 3. 比较阅读：与王昌龄《闺怨》对比，体会白诗写实风格<br> 4. 文化延伸：讨论唐代"女红文化"与女性生存状态的关系<br> 5. 写作借鉴：学习通过小物件（剪刀）折射大情感的手法</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">古诗赏析</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="4"> <p>全诗通过四组意象层层递进：<br> 1. "寒月""洞房"营造冷寂空间<br> 2. "梧桐影"以动衬静，强化孤独感<br> 3. "秋霜""手先知"将自然与人体感知结合<br> 4. "剪刀冷"以物写人，凸显身心俱寒<br> 白居易善用"寒-静-冷"的意象链，展现女子在时间流逝中的无奈，末句"剪刀冷"更是以日常细节升华情感。</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">创作背景</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="5"> <p>此诗为白居易晚年所作，反映唐代闺怨主题。安史之乱后，社会动荡，男子多征战或远游，女子独守空闺成为普遍现象。白居易以细腻笔触刻画女子孤独，暗含对时代苦难的隐晦批判。</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="author-info-block"> <div class="author-info-title">作者信息</div> <div class="author-info-flex"> <div class="author-avatar"> <img id="ContentPlaceHolder1_imgAuthorAvatar" class="author-avatar-img" LoadingMethod="Async" loading="lazy" decoding="async" fetchpriority="low" 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