谏院台省语

佚名〔唐朝〕

遗补相惜,御史相憎,郎官相轻。

古诗译文

拾遗与补阙互相爱惜，御史之间彼此憎恶，郎官们互相轻视。

知识点

1. 唐代谏官制度：拾遗（左拾遗属门下省，右拾遗属中书省）与补阙同为七品谏官，但可参与朝政议论。 2. 御史台职能：分台院、殿院、察院三院，掌监察百官、巡按州县，与谏官职权存在交叉。 3. 尚书省六部：郎官指尚书省各部司的郎中（从五品上）、员外郎（从六品上），负责行政事务执行。 4. 台省：唐代对尚书省、门下省、中书省等中央机构的统称，诗中特指权力核心部门。 </plaintext> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">古诗注解</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="2"> <ul> <li><strong>遗补</strong>：指唐代官职“拾遗”和“补阙”，均为谏官，负责规谏皇帝过失。</li> <li><strong>御史</strong>：监察官员，负责弹劾百官，职权与谏官部分重叠，易生矛盾。</li> <li><strong>郎官</strong>：尚书省下属各部郎中、员外郎等，掌管具体政务，常因权责竞争互相轻视。</li> <li><strong>相惜/相憎/相轻</strong>：分别形容不同官职群体间的复杂关系。</li> </ul> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">讲解</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="3"> <p>此诗需结合唐代官制理解：</p><p><strong>第一句</strong>“遗补相惜”：谏官职微言轻，需相互支持才能发挥作用，体现谏官群体的生存策略。<br> <strong>第二句</strong>“御史相憎”：御史拥有弹劾权，但内部竞争激烈，常因争功互劾。<br> <strong>第三句</strong>“郎官相轻”：郎官身处实务部门，易因政绩考评、升迁机会产生鄙视链。<br> 全诗通过对比凸显唐代官僚系统“同僚不同心”的普遍现象，语言直白却深刻，堪称古代官场生态的微型标本。</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">古诗赏析</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="4"> <p>全诗仅十二字，采用三组“相X”排比，精准刻画唐代官僚体系的生态：</p><p>1. <strong>结构凝练</strong>：每四字一组，分别对应三类官职关系，形成递进式讽刺。<br> 2. <strong>用词犀利</strong>：“惜”“憎”“轻”三字层层递进，揭示从互助到对立的官场现实。<br> 3. <strong>历史价值</strong>：作为民间官谚，比正史更直白地反映了唐代政治文化的暗面。</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">创作背景</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="5"> <p>此诗出自唐代佚名官员之手，反映中晚唐时期官僚系统的内部矛盾。当时谏官、御史、郎官三大群体因职权交叉、利益冲突，形成微妙对立关系。诗句以口语化表达揭露官场生态，可能流传于台省（中央机构）内部。</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="author-info-block"> <div class="author-info-title">作者信息</div> <div class="author-info-flex"> <div class="author-avatar"> <img id="ContentPlaceHolder1_imgAuthorAvatar" class="author-avatar-img" LoadingMethod="Async" loading="lazy" decoding="async" fetchpriority="low" src="https://www.881023.com/upload/writer/0.jpg" alt="佚名" style="background-color: #f9f6ec;" /> </div> <div class="author-info-content"> 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