明经进士语

佚名〔唐朝〕

三十老明经,五十少进士。

古诗译文

三十岁考中明经科已算年老，五十岁考中进士仍算年轻。

知识点

1. 唐代科举制度：分常科（如进士、明经）和制科，进士科最受尊崇。 2. 明经科考试内容：贴经（填空）、墨义（经书问答），侧重记忆。 3. 进士科考试内容：诗赋、时务策，注重文学才华与政治见解。 4. 社会影响：进士及第者多任高官，形成“缙绅虽位极人臣，不由进士者终不为美”的风气。 5. 历史记载：《唐摭言》载“缙绅虽位极人臣，不由进士者终不为美”，与此诗呼应。 </plaintext> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">古诗注解</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="2"> <ul> <li><strong>明经</strong>：唐代科举考试科目之一，主要考察儒家经典，相较于进士科更易考取。</li> <li><strong>进士</strong>：唐代科举中最受重视的科目，考试难度大，及第者社会地位极高。</li> <li><strong>三十老明经</strong>：明经科录取年龄普遍较小，三十岁考中已算“年老”。</li> <li><strong>五十少进士</strong>：进士科竞争激烈，五十岁考中仍被视为“年少”。</li> </ul> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">讲解</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="3"> <p>这首诗以精炼的对比揭示了唐代科举制度的深层矛盾。前句“三十老明经”说明此科易考，年轻人即可中第；后句“五十少进士”则用夸张手法表现进士科的艰难。讲解时需注意：1）数字的象征意义——三十/五十非实指，而是程度描写；2）“老/少”的反常使用体现社会心态；3）两句对仗工整，通过科举现象折射整个社会的价值取向。此诗对理解唐代文人命运与科举文化具有标本意义。</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">古诗赏析</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="4"> <p>诗句以数字对比形成强烈反差：“三十”与“老”、“五十”与“少”的错位搭配，尖锐揭露了唐代科举中进士科的艰难与明经科的易得。语言通俗如口语，却深刻反映了社会价值观——进士及第者即使年迈仍受推崇，而明经及第者即便年轻也被轻视。这种价值取向推动了“五十少进士”的畸形现象。</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">创作背景</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="5"> <p>此诗为唐代民间流传的谚语，反映了当时科举制度的现实。明经科注重背诵经典，难度较低，年轻人易考取；而进士科需诗赋策论，选拔严格，许多人终生应试。诗句通过对比，讽刺了科举的畸形现象。</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="author-info-block"> <div class="author-info-title">作者信息</div> <div class="author-info-flex"> <div class="author-avatar"> <img id="ContentPlaceHolder1_imgAuthorAvatar" class="author-avatar-img" LoadingMethod="Async" loading="lazy" decoding="async" fetchpriority="low" src="https://www.881023.com/upload/writer/0.jpg" alt="佚名" style="background-color: #f9f6ec;" /> </div> <div class="author-info-content"> 古诗文网收录了先秦到现代的数十万诗词，很多诗词因为作者不明，作者本站统一归为佚名。 <div class="author-stats"> <span>古诗数量：<b><a href='https://www.881023.com/gushi/0_3538_0_1.html' 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