<![CDATA[ 1. 唐代谣谚是民间文学的重要形式，常被用于讽刺时政 2. "仆射"为唐代尚书省长官，相当于宰相之职 3. 马燧（726-795）是唐代中期著名将领，官至司徒兼侍中 4. 唐代寺院钟鼓制度严格，钟声代表号令和规矩 5. 此类民谣被收录在《全唐诗》中，保存了民间的声音 </plaintext>
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<h3 class="card-title">古诗注解</h3>
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<ul> <li><strong>马仆射</strong>：指中唐时期名将、宰相马燧，"仆射"为唐代宰相称号。</li> <li><strong>斋钟</strong>：寺院中召集僧众进行斋戒或诵经的信号钟。</li> <li><strong>和尚不上堂</strong>：暗指掌权者不守规矩、玩忽职守的行为。</li> </ul>
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这首《马仆射谣》是一首政治讽喻诗，采用白描手法通过寺院意象影射朝政。前句"斋钟动也"建立规整的预期，后句"和尚不上堂"突然打破这种预期，形成艺术张力。诗人借佛寺规矩暗喻朝廷法度，用和尚喻指官员，批判位高权重者不守职责、败坏纲纪的行为。全诗语言简洁明了，寓意深刻，体现了唐代民谣尖锐泼辣、一针见血的特色。
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<h3 class="card-title">古诗赏析</h3>
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这首民谣虽仅有两句十个字，却运用了鲜明的对比手法：斋钟已响表示时间已到、规矩已明，而"不上堂"的行为则形成了强烈反差。通过寺院日常场景的描写，影射朝廷重臣不勤政务的现象，语言质朴却寓意深刻，具有强烈的讽刺效果和民间智慧。
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此谣产生于中唐时期，针对宰相马燧而作。当时马燧身居高位却怠于政务，民间通过这首谣谚讽刺其不守职分、荒废朝政的行为，反映了百姓对权贵的不满和批评。
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