酬湘幕徐员外见寄

齐己〔唐朝〕

东海儒宗事业全,冰棱孤峭类神仙。

诗同李贺精通鬼,文拟刘轲妙入禅。

珠履早曾从相府,玳簪今又别官筵。

篇章几谢传西楚,空想雄风度十年。

写风写鬼

古诗译文

徐员外如东海儒宗般成就斐然，品格似冰棱孤峭超凡如仙。
诗才堪比李贺通晓鬼神之语，文章效法刘轲深得禅机妙玄。
早年便以珠履才士追随相府，如今玳簪高官又别离盛宴华筵。
昔日传颂西楚的篇章已渐沉寂，空怀雄风壮志转眼已是十年。

知识点

李贺：中唐"诗鬼"，代表作《李凭箜篌引》充满诡奇想象刘轲：唐古文家，曾隐居庐山学佛，文风简奥珠履典出《史记·春申君传》："珠履三千客" 玳簪：玳瑁发簪，唐代五品以上官员冠饰西楚文化：楚辞的浪漫主义传统对唐诗影响深远齐己：晚唐著名诗僧，著有《白莲集》十卷 </plaintext> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">古诗注解</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="2"> <ul> <li><strong>东海儒宗</strong>：以东海喻学识渊博，指徐员外为儒学宗师。</li> <li><strong>冰棱孤峭</strong>：形容品格如冰棱般清高孤傲。</li> <li><strong>李贺精通鬼</strong>：唐代诗人李贺以写鬼神灵异著称。</li> <li><strong>刘轲入禅</strong>：唐代文人刘轲文章蕴含佛理禅意。</li> <li><strong>珠履/玳簪</strong>：珠履指门客身份，玳簪象征显贵官职。</li> <li><strong>传西楚</strong>：暗用项羽"西楚霸王"典，喻雄浑文风。</li> </ul> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">讲解</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="3"> <p>本诗讲解需注意三个层面：其一，把握"僧俗对话"的特殊性，诗中"入禅""空想"等词体现僧人视角；其二，解析典故的复合运用，如"李贺-鬼""刘轲-禅"形成文学与宗教的双重隐喻；其三，理解晚唐幕府文化背景，颈联反映中晚唐文人入幕府晋升的典型路径。教学时可对比杜牧《寄扬州韩绰判官》，体会不同身份诗人写幕府友人的差异。</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">古诗赏析</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="4"> <p>全诗采用"四柱式"结构：首联总写人格境界，颔联分论诗文成就，颈联叙述仕宦经历，尾联抒发时光感慨。诗中密集使用"李贺鬼才""刘轲禅文"等文人典故，形成"以人喻人"的复合意象。尾联"空想雄风"的转折，将前文铺陈的荣耀归于寂寥，体现僧人格外敏锐的时空感知。齐己以方外之人写仕途之事，在礼赞中保持超然视角，是其酬答诗的独特之处。</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">创作背景</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="5"> <p>此诗作于晚唐时期，齐己作为诗僧与湘幕徐员外（唐代节度使幕府属官）诗文唱和。徐员外即将离任，诗人通过赞颂其文学造诣与仕途经历，既表达对友人才德的钦佩，又暗含对仕宦浮沉的感慨，折射出晚唐文人交织着儒业抱负与出世情怀的复杂心态。</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="author-info-block"> <div class="author-info-title">作者信息</div> <div class="author-info-flex"> <div class="author-avatar"> <img id="ContentPlaceHolder1_imgAuthorAvatar" class="author-avatar-img" LoadingMethod="Async" loading="lazy" decoding="async" fetchpriority="low" src="https://www.881023.com/upload/writer/qiji.jpg" alt="齐己" style="background-color: #f9f6ec;" /> </div> <div class="author-info-content"> 齐己（863年—937年）出家前俗名胡德生，晚年自号衡岳沙门，湖南长沙宁乡县祖塔乡人，唐朝晚期著名诗僧。 <div class="author-stats"> <span>古诗数量：<b><a 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