高士咏。玄晏先生

吴筠〔唐朝〕

士安逾弱冠,落魄未修饰。

一朝因感激,志学忘寝食。

著书穷天人,辞聘守玄默。

薄葬信昭俭,可为将来则。

写人感激

古诗译文

皇甫谧（字士安）刚过二十岁，生活潦倒不修边幅。
因受感激发奋，立志求学废寝忘食。
著书探究天道人事，拒绝朝廷征聘坚守淡泊。
临终要求薄葬彰显节俭，堪为后世楷模。

知识点

1. 皇甫谧著作《针灸甲乙经》是现存最早的针灸学专著 2. 魏晋时期"服石"风气盛行，皇甫谧曾深受其害 3. "弱冠"典出《礼记·曲礼》"二十曰弱，冠" 4. 唐代宗大历年间（766-779）吴筠应诏入京，与李白交游 5. 《高士咏》组诗采用四言、五言、七言等多种形式 </plaintext> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">古诗注解</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="2"> <ul> <li><strong>士安</strong>：皇甫谧（215-282），字士安，魏晋医学家、文学家。</li> <li><strong>逾弱冠</strong>：古代男子二十岁行冠礼，"逾弱冠"指刚过二十岁。</li> <li><strong>玄默</strong>：指清静无为的处世态度，典出《老子》"玄之又玄"。</li> <li><strong>薄葬信昭俭</strong>：皇甫谧临终遗命"朝死夕葬，夕死朝葬"，反对厚葬。</li> </ul> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">讲解</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="3"> <p>本诗核心在于揭示"由凡入圣"的修行过程：<br> 1. 前两句展现平凡起点，强调转变契机（"因感激"）的重要性<br> 2. 中间四句构成两组对仗，通过"著书/辞聘"、"穷/守"的辩证关系，体现道家"有为"与"无为"的统一<br> 3. 末句"将来则"点明咏史诗的镜鉴功能，薄葬主张既符合道家自然观，也暗含对唐代厚葬风气的批判<br> 艺术特色上，诗人善用时间跨度（从弱冠到临终）和空间转换（从书斋到墓葬），在短小篇幅中完成人物一生的精神塑造。</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">古诗赏析</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="4"> <p>全诗采用"起承转合"结构：<br> 首联刻画青年皇甫谧的落魄形象，形成反差铺垫；<br> 颔联用"因感激"三字转折，展现其发奋苦读的蜕变；<br> 颈联通过"穷天人"与"守玄默"的对比，突出其学术成就与高尚品格；<br> 尾联以薄葬之举收束，升华其俭德典范意义。诗中"忘寝食""穷天人"等用语凝练有力，塑造出立体饱满的高士形象。</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="info-card"> <div class="card-header"> <h3 class="card-title">创作背景</h3> </div> <div class="card-content"> <div class="expand-content collapsed" data-card-index="5"> <p>本诗出自吴筠《高士咏》组诗，该组诗共五十首，歌颂历代隐士高人。创作于唐代崇道风气盛行时期，诗人通过皇甫谧事迹表达对道家隐逸思想的推崇，反映中唐知识分子对精神自由的追求。</p> </div> <div class="card-actions" style="display: none;"> <button type="button" class="expand-btn" onclick="toggleCardContent(this)">展开</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="author-info-block"> <div class="author-info-title">作者信息</div> <div class="author-info-flex"> <div class="author-avatar"> <img id="ContentPlaceHolder1_imgAuthorAvatar" class="author-avatar-img" LoadingMethod="Async" loading="lazy" decoding="async" fetchpriority="low" src="https://www.881023.com/upload/writer/wuyun.jpg" alt="吴筠" style="background-color: #f9f6ec;" /> </div> <div class="author-info-content"> 吴筠 (?一778年)，唐朝华州华阴(今陕西华阴县)人。字贞节。一作正节。性高鲠，少举儒子业，进士落第后隐居南阳倚帝山。天宝初召至京师，请隶人道门。后入嵩山，师承冯齐整而受正一之法。与当时文士李白等交往甚密。玄宗多次征召，应对皆名教世务，并以微言讽帝，深蒙赏赐。后被高力士谗言所伤，固辞还山。东游至会稽，大历十三年(778)卒于剡中。弟子私谥“宗元先生”。 <div 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